William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples

William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares most famous comedies, involving complex plots, which result in hilarious outcomes. The main plot of Twelfth Night tells of Count Orsinos efforts to woo the Lady Olivia who does not return his affection. Instead, Olivia is smitten with Orsinos servant Cesario, unaware of his true identity. Cesario is actually shipwrecked Viola who, believing her brother has drowned, dresses up as a man to work for Orsino. Viola consequently falls in love with Orsino who believes her to be Cesario. In addition, Shakespeare has created an equally confusing sub-plot involving Olivias servant Malvolio and the other members of Olivias†¦show more content†¦In my opinion the joke that was played upon Malvolio to humiliate him was taken too far and in the end he was notoriously abused unjustifiably. Feste, as usual, realises before the other characters that the joke has gone too far and loses interest in it, I would we were well rid of this knavery On the other hand I believe that Malvolio did deserve some of the punishment that he was subjected to simply because of his pompous and arrogant personality. Malvolio was a puritan and that is why his behaviour is so contrasting to that of all the other characters in this play, Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale? When Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night in 1623 it was essentially ahead of its time because the Malvolio-based sub-plot foreshadowed the conflict of the Civil War in the next century. I believe that the opinions of the Puritans in general are expressed through Malvolio in the course of this play. Puritans on the whole were people who did not like the thought of people doing pleasurable activities and enjoying themselves. Malvolio was a Puritan and so predictably did not believe in fun, so when at the end the joke is revealed he has the response of Ill be revenged on the whole pack of you. Puritans alsoShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The use of genre in any literary work assist the responder in understanding the text, as prior knowledge and past experience are used by composers to construct certain expectations due to characteristics that are recognised. Shakespeare, in his play Twelfth Night uses the Romantic comedy genre and its conventions of strong themes of love and a series of obstacles and misunderstandings concluded with a harmonious union of the loversRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1962 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night William Shakespeare was baptised on the 26th April 1564, and as it was the tradition for children to be taken to the church for this only a few days after birth, April 23rd has been traditionally held as his actual birthday. It also fits relatively nicely for English person to be born on St. Georges Day as this represents England. He was born in Stratford upon Avon. In 1601, near the middle of Shakespeares careerRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the kingdom of Illyria (fantasy world), Twelfth Night was supposedly originally written for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare’s comedy associates with the Feast of Epiphany (January 6th) and was means for entertainment in the seventeenth century. It contains some aspects that can be thought of as a successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvyRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Twelfth Night3268 Words   |  14 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Act 1, scenes 1-3, there are many ways to which these scenes provide an effective opening to the play. Individually, these scenes each serve a different aspect, which contributes to an effective opening. In Act 1, scene 1, Orsino is introduced into the picture, with his whining and pining towards this love for Olivia, with much exaggeration, due to the excessive use of imagery, and gives us one of the central theme of the play –Read More Feste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesFeste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night, it is ironic how many times the fool is said to be dishonest, when, in fact, his role proves entirely opposite. Though sometimes the characters do not realize his hidden messages, the reader can instantly comprehend Festes figurative language, which is evident in every scene in which the fool appears. Whether he is singing to Orsino, arguing with Malvolio, or playing around with Viola, Feste alwaysRead MoreViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Viola as a main character is the most deceitful; she tricks everybody into believing shes a man, but as well as being most deceitful she is also the most honest and sincere. So what are her attractive qualities? Why does she appeal to us as an audience? In this essay I will be looking at Viola and her appealing qualities as well as the way in which I believe she should be acted. In many ways Viola represents trueRead More Misperception and Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night2160 Words   |  9 PagesMisperception and Deception in Twelfth Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night is likely one of Shakespeare’s most entertaining and complete comedy. This romance explores a generous wealth of themes and issues. The most recurrent theme is the relationship between misperception and deception. As a result of their environment and immediate circumstances, men are forced into misperceptions. Paradoxically, they are completely trapped by these illusions. Between the bad fortune they encounter andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples453 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night Olivias trusted steward Malvolio, like Sir Andrew, is the butt of comedy. His very name suggests ill-will, which echoes his role in the play. Malvolio is an egotistical, overweening rogue, who is a straight laced, puritanical, social climbing rebuker of others for their anti-social and often sinful behaviour, or as he put it, misdemeanours. Malvolios character is summarised excellently by Maria in Act IIRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples892 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The final act is a simple scene in this romantic Shakesperian comedy. It brings together all the threads of the storyline the plots, mistakes and confusions. It shows Cesario (Viola) being accused of deception, lies and acts of violence by a number of others including Orsino, Olivia, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Antonio. The scene is set outside Olivias house. It begins with Feste (the fool) and Fabian negotiating with each other overRead MoreEssay about Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night775 Words   |  4 PagesDeception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedic play, Twelfth Night, a recurring theme is deception. The characters in the play used deception for a variety of purposes. Violas use of deception involves her disguising herself as a man in order to obtain a job with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. On the other hand, Maria, Olivias servant, writes a letter to Malvolio in Olivias handwriting to make Malvolio act foolishly because of his love for Olivia. While William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The final act is a simple scene in this romantic Shakesperian comedy. It brings together all the threads of the storyline the plots, mistakes and confusions. It shows Cesario (Viola) being accused of deception, lies and acts of violence by a number of others including Orsino, Olivia, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Antonio. The scene is set outside Olivias house. It begins with Feste (the fool) and Fabian negotiating with each other over Fabian being allowed to see the letter. The arrival of Orsino with his entourage including Cesario (viola). Allows the audience to observe the Duke is expressing his frustration with the lack of progress in his efforts to win†¦show more content†¦Olivia says Ay me detested! How am I beguiled? Tempers flare and the tension mounts. Cesario expresses his shock at Violas comments. Olivia reminds Viola of their recent marriage to a baffled Cesario . Olivia calls for the priest to be brought before her to confirm the marriage. A contract of eternal bond of love confirmed by mutual joiner of your hands arrested by the holy close of lips, strengthened by interchangement of your rings, and all the ceremony of this compact seated in my functoion by my testimony. Stated the priest. Orsino becomes angry with Cesario accusing him of double-dealing. He threatens to kill him to spite Olivia. The humiliation of being rejected by Olivia is more than he can bear. One minute he talks of love the next of murder, how quickly emotio ns can change. (The audience is left to wonder is the Duke a foolish fickle man?) The tension is now raising will Orsino respond to the revelation by hurting Cesario as he threatened to do. Next we see the arrival of Sir Andrew at Olivias house he appears to have sustained some injuries to his body. On seeing Ceserio he accuses him of causing the injuries Cesario again denies the accusation made against him not Knowing that Sir Andrew is mistaking Cesario for Sebastian. Sir Andrew says of Cesario He is the very devil incordinate. Temporarily the focus of the storyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The use of genre in any literary work assist the responder in understanding the text, as prior knowledge and past experience are used by composers to construct certain expectations due to characteristics that are recognised. Shakespeare, in his play Twelfth Night uses the Romantic comedy genre and its conventions of strong themes of love and a series of obstacles and misunderstandings concluded with a harmonious union of the loversRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1962 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night William Shakespeare was baptised on the 26th April 1564, and as it was the tradition for children to be taken to the church for this only a few days after birth, April 23rd has been traditionally held as his actual birthday. It also fits relatively nicely for English person to be born on St. Georges Day as this represents England. He was born in Stratford upon Avon. In 1601, near the middle of Shakespeares careerRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the kingdom of Illyria (fantasy world), Twelfth Night was supposedly originally written for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare’s comedy associates with the Feast of Epiphany (January 6th) and was means for entertainment in the seventeenth century. It contains some aspects that can be thought of as a successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvyRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Twelfth Night3268 Words   |  14 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Act 1, scenes 1-3, there are many ways to which these scenes provide an effective opening to the play. Individually, these scenes each serve a different aspect, which contributes to an effective opening. In Act 1, scene 1, Orsino is introduced into the picture, with his whining and pining towards this love for Olivia, with much exaggeration, due to the excessive use of imagery, and gives us one of the central theme of the play –Read More Feste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesFeste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night, it is ironic how many times the fool is said to be dishonest, when, in fact, his role proves entirely opposite. Though sometimes the characters do not realize his hidden messages, the reader can instantly comprehend Festes figurative language, which is evident in every scene in which the fool appears. Whether he is singing to Orsino, arguing with Malvolio, or playing around with Viola, Feste alwaysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples1337 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares most famous comedies, involving complex plots, which result in hilarious outcomes. The main plot of Twelfth Night tells of Count Orsinos efforts to woo the Lady Olivia who does not return his affection. Instead, Olivia is smitten with Orsinos servant Cesario, unaware of his true identity. Cesario is actually shipwrecked Viola who, believing her brother has drowned, dresses up as a man to workRead MoreViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Viola as a main character is the most deceitful; she tricks everybody into believing shes a man, but as well as being most deceitful she is also the most honest and sincere. So what are her attractive qualities? Why does she appeal to us as an audience? In this essay I will be looking at Viola and her appealing qualities as well as the way in which I believe she should be acted. In many ways Viola represents trueRead More Misperception and Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night2160 Words   |  9 PagesMisperception and Deception in Twelfth Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night is likely one of Shakespeare’s most entertaining and complete comedy. This romance explores a generous wealth of themes and issues. The most recurrent theme is the relationship between misperception and deception. As a result of their environment and immediate circumstances, men are forced into misperceptions. Paradoxically, they are completely trapped by these illusions. Between the bad fortune they encounter andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples453 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night Olivias trusted steward Malvolio, like Sir Andrew, is the butt of comedy. His very name suggests ill-will, which echoes his role in the play. Malvolio is an egotistical, overweening rogue, who is a straight laced, puritanical, social climbing rebuker of others for their anti-social and often sinful behaviour, or as he put it, misdemeanours. Malvolios character is summarised excellently by Maria in Act IIRead MoreEssay about Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night775 Words   |  4 PagesDeception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedic play, Twelfth Night, a recurring theme is deception. The characters in the play used deception for a variety of purposes. Violas use of deception involves her disguising herself as a man in order to obtain a job with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. On the other hand, Maria, Olivias servant, writes a letter to Malvolio in Olivias handwriting to make Malvolio act foolishly because of his love for Olivia. While

Evaluation Of A Sdlc, System Development Life Cycle

1. According to Rosenblatt (2014), a SDLC, system development life cycle, describes how to plan and manage systems development and the activities and functions of systems developers will perform. The waterfall model is divided in five steps and the result of each one is a deliverable to the next step. The first step is called Systems Planning and starts when the IT department does a systems request. This phase is responsible for doing a preliminary investigation to know the situation and evaluate the necessity of this new system. The principal part of this investigation is called feasibility study and it is responsible for showing anticipated reviews of the costs, benefits and course of action. The second step is called Systems Analysis and it purpose is to build a document with the system requirements, showing details as management and user requirements, benefits, development strategies and costs. The third step is the System Design, happens when is necessary to create a physical model and identify the processes (inputs and outputs), satisfying the requirements. Its deliverable is the systems design specification. The fourth step is the System Implementation and during this phase, the new system is constructed. The purpose of this step is to deliver an information system, functio ning and documented. The last step is the Systems Support and Security and during this phase, the IT department is responsible for maintaining, enhancing and protecting the new system. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on System Development Life Cycle1231 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ System Development Life Cycle Irene Anderson CMGT/582 - CIS Security and Ethics June 23, 2014 Krystal Hall System Development Life Cycle â€Å"Both risk governance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for an effective risk management plan. And to effectively manage risk, it is important that definitions of the risk management plan objectives are clear from the start, so that the plan can head in the right direction. Risk management of information assets also provides a strongRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle666 Words   |  3 PagesSTAGE 1 Systems Planning Stage Topic Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case Deliverable Preliminary investigation report Toolkit Support Primary tools: Communications, financial analysis, and project management tool Other tool as required. Systems Planning is the first of five stage in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). In this stage, you will learn how IT projects get started and how a system analyst evaluates a proposed project and determine its feasibility. A system analyst’sRead MoreSdlc : System Development Life Cycle758 Words   |  4 PagesSDLC: System Development Life Cycle Definition: The System Development Life Cycle describes functions and activities that system developers perform typically, without considering how those functions and activities actually used in that particular methodology. SDLC denotes a set of general categories that show the major steps, of system development project. These are different phases in SDLC which each of them can be used to denote a step of the process that is followed in the development of certainRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 Pagesheavily on their information systems for decision making, an essential component of organization management. Information systems serves several purposes in a business, ranging from transactions and assisting leadership with difficult strategy formulation. Advances in computer-based information technology in recent years have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976). In today’s businesses, systems development is a process of examiningRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesComputer system plays an important role in solving human problem in their daily life. There are standard steps in order to develop information system called System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). SDLC is the framework available to build a complete system. There are five phases in SDLC which are planning, analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1). The first phase in SDLC is planning. In this phase, the potential system development project is identified. ProjectRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )845 Words   |  4 PagesEMAIL:snehasi07@siu.edu What is SDLC? Explain each phase in SDLC with an example. ANALYSIS: DESIGN: DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION: EVALUATION: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The Systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model that is used in the project management which describes the stages involved in the information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. SDLC is used to correct problems in existing system, and to improveRead MoreWhat The Software Design Life Cycle?1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain what the Software Design Life Cycle is The SDLC Software design life cycle is used for the design and development stage of a software system. It’s the structure for design and development the life cycle has multiple stages, there are 9 in total. Requirements, Specification, Design, implementation, testing and debugging, deployment, maintenance and post mortem. All of these stages are part of the software design life cycle. The reason they use the SDLC is to see if the software there producingRead MoreRisk Management Is The Process Of Information System Management Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesRisk management is the process of information system managers applies to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures for their information and information systems. As a part risk management process, organizations (Stoneburner, 2002) select and apply security controls for their information and information systems. The System development life cycle is the overall process of developing, implementing and ret iring information systems through a multiple process from initiation, designsRead MoreEssay on Week 8 Case Study: Database Development1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head: DATABASE DEVELOPMENT Week 8 Case Study: Database Development Professor – Dr. Hossein Besharatian CIS 512 September 14, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract This paper defines the Software Development Life Cycle phases specifically the Waterfall method with a review of tasks to improve the quality of datasets throughout the cycle. It includes recommendations of actions to be performed for full optimization for enhancing performance from data quality assessmentRead MoreSdlc ( Software Development Life Cycle ) Methodology1714 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: In this report we are going to explore about SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Methodology and we are discussing about the differences between SDLC and Agile Project Management. Firstly we discuss about basics of SDLC Methods and their SWOT Analysis their mission and visions , And we are discussing their basic differences in it Before we get into actual discussion we need to know about three main thing of SDLC methods they are : 1) Design of software to meet the requirements 2)

Market Free Essays

The product as the first p something that is taken to the market to be noticed, sold, applied, or consumed; which is possible to satisfy a need or desire. Product can be a physical object, service, location, organization, or even an Idea or thought (Mob All et al, 1385: 195). The ultimate goal of organizations Is to produce the products which are better and superior In one or more aspects compared with others to be welcomed by customers and make them to pay well for each product (Cutler, 179:1379). We will write a custom essay sample on Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vaginal in an article with the title of McDonald: the globalization thought y using marketing mix states that in marketing mix, McDonald has offered its product by creating a standard procedure that is the same in all parts of the world, according to the tastes and traditions of different countries and their laws. For instance, Big Mac is served without cheese in Israel, or it is served in Indian McDonald’s restaurants with specific types of vegetables and lamb meat. And also the limitations which are imposed by various religions are considered (vaginal, 2001 : 99). 1. Brand The name and logo of a product is an Important component of goods in consumers’ sews, and the brand name adds value to every goods. For example, consumers consider a bottle of cologne with famous brand name, as an expensive and high- quality merchandise. But If this bottle lacks any Indication of the brand, even If the flavor is similar, shall be considered as low quality merchandise. The brand diff erentiates the goods and services that are offered by competitors. A good brand makes the consumer loyal. A research showed that among the present dish washing liquids, the housewives are the most loyal to Gold,Jam, and Risk. These three groups f customers buy their desired dish washing liquid regularly. The interesting point was that all customers have considered the same characteristics for a good dish washing liquid (e. G. Cleaning power, concentration, high foam, etc). But it was believed that only the dish washing liquid that is bought by them (In other words, they are loyal to) has all those qualities. In other words, those who bought Goal dish washing liquid believed that Goal has all the qualities of a good product, and those who bought Jam, thought that Jam Is better than other dish washing liquids Assimilate, 185:1381). According to the arguments presented, the value of brand name can lead to a product’s reputation and induction of high quality product to its customers, make a very strong image in the minds of customers, and become one of the major assets of a company. 1. 2. Packaging There is 8000 years statistics about packing in which packaging has been used as the containers were made of clay and glaze rough mats in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The customers identify a product through its packaging. Package transfers the producer’s assuage to the buyer and communicates and exchanges Information between them. The packaging gives Identity to the product, and protects the protect against Impact, moisture, climatic conditions, odors, fumes, vibration, microorganisms, pressure, collapse and Insects (spearheaded, 1384: 13). Also the packaging protects the goods, makes adolescently, beauty, product safety, easier storage of goods and products (Smiles Pour, 192:1381). If the package is done in a great way, it gains interest to Pricing, is the monetary value of goods and services or the amount of benefit that nonusers particularly pay for the benefits of having or using the product or service. Pricing simply means determining the price for the product or service (Ecological et al. , 1385: 1). Vaginal states that McDonald’s in price marketing mix used different strategies for pricing in different countries. For example, it used strategies such as cost based on the target strategy, the ultimate cost plus a percentage of profit, or prestigious pricing. For example, a Big Mac in the United States is equivalent to 14 minutes work of a worker a day, but in a country like Nigeria it is equivalent to several hours of work (2001: 101 vaginal). Types of pricing methods in dealing with competitors The competitors may price their products in four ways: 1 . Pricing based on cooperation: the price is determined by cooperation and consensus with partners. This situation occurs mostly in competitive oligopolies markets. 2. Adaptive pricing: market leader and main shareholders determine the price, and the others price their products according to them. Opportunistic pricing: n some markets, when a supplier increases the price for its products, a rival that has good resources might not change the price of its product. Sometimes, in the case of the increase in prices by a producer, the rival increases the prices, but tries to offer more services to attract part of customers of the company which first increased prices. This method is called opportunistic pricing. 4. Punitive pricing: some suppliers who are able and good facilities, in order to eliminate smaller competitors, lower prices for their products. Sometimes this method will result in removal of small suppliers from the market (Flask, 1386: 169). According to the arguments presented, the pricing strategy of a product, when the product is part of a group of products, has different characteristics. In this case, the organization considers overall prices of one group in order to maximize profits. The firms, after codifying pricing strategy, are faced with conditions in which they are compelled to reduce or increase prices, and marketers need to respond to the change in pricing strategies and develop other strategies. How to cite Market, Papers

The Case Study of Shafron V ASIC-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Shafron V ASIC. Answer: Case introduction The case of Shafron v ASIC (2012) is in relation to the extent of the duty of care and diligence in relation to the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Section 180(1) and how such duties have to be complied with by the officers of a corporation. These questions had to be considered by the High Court of Australia in relation to an appeal made to it by the appellant Mr. Peter Shafron, who was the ex- company secretary and general counsel of the James Hardie Industry Limited. The appeal was made because the court of appeal found that the appellant had breached section 180(1) of the CA. the appeal made by Mr Shafron had been unanimously rejected by the high court and importance guidance was provided by it. It was provided by the court that the obligation of the company secretary who has special skills is not limited to the only role of a company secretary within the company (Armstrong 2012). When a person gains a duty as he is a officer through participation in a decision which is significant for the company even in case they do not participate in the decision making. The extent to the indulgence of a expert advisor would or would not eradicate the responsibilities of the officers of the company.The appointment of the defendant had been bone by the company in the position of general counsel and company secretary. Until 1998 November no formal appointment had been made by the company. David Cameron had been appointed as the joint company secretary of the company in the same month next year. In the year 2001 February, a meeting had been held to make a proposal of dividing the group of companies by separating two companies from the group which had major asbestos liabilities (Hargovan 2012). It had been argued by the appellant that the duties which are vested in a company secretary are restricted to secretarial responsibilities only and could not be extended to the functions of a general counsel which included providing advice to the company in relation to the disclosure obligations to ASX and the accuracy of the report. The plaintiff sought to limit his functions as a company secretary that they should be equal and consistent to the responsibilities of joint company secretary appointed by the company in this case whose functions were limited to mainly administrative functions. It was further submitted by appellant that he did not have any part to play towards the decision making related to the proposal of separation, this is because the capacity of making such decision was totally vested in the board of directors, and the appellant was not one of them. In addition it had been provided by the appellant that even if he was an officer the duties related to the two issues had not be violated by him under the section (Scott 2012). The duties breached by the directors It was alleged that the defendant had violated section 180(1) of the CA by not being able to provide advice to the chief executive if the company or the board of directors of that company in relation to specific extra knowledge in relation to the proposal of separation which needed to be informed to the Australian Securities exchange (ASX). In addition the duty was contravened by not being able to provide advice in relation to a actual report which the board of the company had relied upon towards considering the proposal of separation. The information that the report does not state superimposed inflation, which would have been present in a proper report, was not provided to the board. The duties which have been set out through the section not only include the directors but also the officers of the company in broad sense company secretaries are also covered by the provisions of the section. On two distinct bases the court of appeal of NSW had found that Mr. Shafron can be considered as an officer under the provisions of the section. Firstly as the defendant was the company secretary of the company in context and secondly he was deemed as a person who had been participating in the decision making process of the company wholly or substantially. Section 180(1) provides that any officer or director of the company has to base their responsibilities towards the company on the principles of care and diligence (Armstrong 2012). The decision of the court Decision related to the application if section 180(1) only to secretarial responsibilities In the words of the majority it had been provided by the court that it was greatly to be doubted that the appellant was able to discharge some of his duties as the company secretary and the other duties in the capacity of the general counsel. As provided by Heydon J it is impossible to put the responsibilities of the appellant into watertight compartments marking one as company secretary and the other as general counsel. No evidence had been provided in relation to the argument that a few task were done by the appellant in the capacity of a company secretary and the other as a general counsel. In addition the duties of a company secretary in a certain company are matters of fact; the testimony provided by Mr Cameron about his functions did not show that functions of the appellant as a company secretary were in the same way administrative. It was then considered by the court that or not in case the roles of the appellant could be divided the outcome of the decision would be affected. It was noted by the court that the section sets the extent of care and diligence through the references of the office held and the duties in relation to the company of an officer. It was provided by the court that the text responsibilities in relation to the section subpart (b) relates only to the real duties of an officer and not only the legal duties of a person holding the position of a company secretary. The high court agreed to the decision of the court of appeal that it was within the areas of responsibility for the appellant to provide advice to the company relating to the ASX issue as it was related to a legal matter which a company secretary is expected to know and raise having a legal background. In addition the providing of advice in relation to the completeness of the report was also judged by the court within the scope of the responsibilities of the appellant as he been involved closely with modeling of cash flows which highlighted the report and thus was liable to raise with the boards the shortcomings of the model. Therefore, it was adjudged by the court that responsibilities of the appellant as a company secretary of the company were adequately broad to underpin a conclusion that the duties of an officer were owed by him towards carrying out the responsibilities. The findings related to the interpretation of participation in decision making The wide view taken by the court in relation to the appellants responsibilities with respect to the position of company secretary, it was totally unnecessary to take into account the question whether the appellant was an officer based on the fact that a person taking part in the decision making which affect the overall or predominant part of the functions of the company. However it was provided by the court that the appellant was based on this fact was an officer. The argument provided by the appellant that in order to be participate in the decision making process a person has to be a decision maker was not accepted by the court. It was taken into account by the court that the appellant was a senior executive of the company. And although a decision had been made by the board in relation to the proposal of separation, the appellant played a major role towards structuring the proposal as a senior executive who were working of the project with the help of eternal advisors and had been the part of the proposal and in addition crossed the extent of merely proffering information and advice to the board. This meant that the appellant had participated in the decision making along with the fact that duties were owed by him in form of an officer of the company (Hcourt.gov.au 2017). It was emphasized by the court that not mere participation in a decision of a company is enough to make a person an officer of that company as according to the statutory provisions the decision has to be affecting the whole or substantial part of the companys business. It was provided by the high court against the decision of the court of appeal its findings in relation to this test were not accurate. The decision related to the alleged breach of duty by the appellant The final argument of the appellant had also been rejected by the high court that he did not contravene the duties imposed on him by the section. With respect to the issue of ASX it was submitted by the appellant that he had the right to bases his activities on the companys lawyer in relation to raising the need for the extra disclosure requirements. However the argument of the appellant was totally rejected by the court and it failed. It was provided by the court that even if the company retained such solicitors regarding the separation proposal it did not impliedly or expressly relive the appellant form the duties which were imposed on him (Hogan 2012). With respect to the actuarial report an argument was made by the appellant that he did not possess adequate and expert actuarial information and thus was not able to determine what rules for superimposed inflations had to be considered. This argument was also not accepted by the court and the same had also failed on the part of the appellant. This is because the court determined that the appellant had knowledge in relation to the fact that the cost in relation to the claims was comparatively increasing very fact to the rate of inflation along with the knowledge that if this fact is not taken into consideration it would likely have a substantial effect with respect to the soundness of the actuarial report. It was further added by the court that the duty of the appellant was not associated with suggesting a proper provisions but to let the board know that a proper provision has not been undertaken. Thus the appeal by Mr Shafron was rejected by the federal court. Relevance and impact of decision to corporation law in Australia The initial relevance of the case comes from the issue which the court did not have much difficulties in deciding which is that even if a person is not a director or secretary of the company he can be a officer of the company if he participates in the decision making process if the company of significant importance. Thus the case clearly changes the thinking that if a person is not an official decision maker he cannot be an officer of the company. In addition the court provides that only because the senior executives are not the ultimate decision makers of the company they cannot evade the liability under section 180(1) and the fact that they are a decision influencer, promoter or urgers is sufficient to prove their liability. In addition the case signifies that company secretaries having special skills and training in any discipline would be expected to use such skills in relation to the functions of the company even if a dual title is provided to the secretary. Finally the point which can be derived through this case by the corporations is that the using of advice provided by external advisors is not adequate itself to relieve a person from the duty under section 180(1). It is thus necessary to prove that the brief of the advisor covered a particular question. It is the duty of officers to ensure that the advices provided by external advisors are consistent with the facts of the case (Hargovan 2012). References Adams, M., 2012. Lessons for non-executives from James Hardie.Keeping Good Companies,64(5), p.263. Armstrong, D.M., 2012. Guidance for general and corporate counsel: Reflections on James Hardie.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,26(2), p.19. Barber, F., 2014. Indirectly directors: Duties owed below the board.Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.,45, p.27. Corporation Act 2001 Hargovan, A., 2012. Company officers in the judicial spotlight.Keeping Good Companies,64(6), p.365. Hargovan, A., Dual Role of General Counsel and Company Secretary: Walking the Legal Tightrope in Shafron v ASIC(2012).Australian Journal of Corporate Law,27, p.112. Hcourt.gov.au, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/judgment-summaries/2012/hcasum18_Shafron_v_ASIC.pdf [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Hogan-Doran, J., 2012. Practice Note SC Eq 11.Bar News: The Journal of the NSW Bar Association, (Winter 2012), p.20. Scott, P.D., 2012. Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) 286 ALR 612.U. Tas. L. Rev.,31, p.155. Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2012] HCA 18