Mitch Alboms Tuesdays with Morrie :: Essays Papers

Mitch Albom's Tuesdays with Morrie Tuesdays with Morrie, written by Mitch Albom is a story of the love between a man and his college professor, Morrie Schwartz. This true story captures the compassion and wisdom of a man who only knew good in his heart. A man who lived his life to the fullest up until the very last breath of his happily fulfilled life. It is a story of a special bond of friendship that was lost for many years, but never forgotten and simply picked up again at a crucial time of both Morrie’s and Mitch’s lives. When Morrie learned that he had only a few months to live with the deadly disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, Morrie began the last class of his life with Mitch – life’s greatest lesson. Throughout the last fourteen weeks of Morrie’s life, Mitch met with him every Tuesday to learn and understand all of the wisdom and lessons of life that were within Morrie. The weekly routine consisted of lunch and lecture. These meetings included discussions on everything from the world when you enter it to the world when you say goodbye. From the relationship that these men had with each, a love is revealed like no other love resembles. This is a love of friendship and of respect. Such a bond between people is difficult to achieve. Their relationship consists of an â€Å"unembarrassed love† that is constantly present. Morrie Schwartz was a man of great wisdom who loved and enjoyed to see and experience a simplicity of life, something beyond life’s most challenging and unanswered mysteries. From Morrie, we learn that life is most happily experienced when enjoyed and fulfilled to its highest ability. Morrie shares this with Mitch in the last days of his life and these great lessons will be carried and practiced throughout Mitch’s life. After reading Tuesdays with Morrie I felt a sense of discovery. Morrie Schwartz was a man that touched the lives of many. He will always be remembered for his sincerity and his compassion for life and for love. The lessons that Morrie loved to teach were of his own experience with life. These great lessons were full of wisdom and love and they came deep from within Morrie. I enjoyed reading this book by

Vampire Academy Chapter 4

FOUR WE DIDN'T HAVE THE ENTIRE commons' attention this time, thank God, but a few passing people had stopped to stare. â€Å"What the hell do you think you're doing?† asked Doll Girl, blue eyes wide and sparkling with fury. Up close now, I was able to get a better look at her. She had the same slim build as most Moroi but not the usual height, which was partly what made her look so young. The tiny purple dress she wore was gorgeous – reminding me that I was indeed dressed in thrift-shop wear – but closer inspection led me to think it was a designer knockoff. I crossed my arms across my chest. â€Å"Are you lost, little girl? The elementary school's over on west campus.† A pink flush spread over her cheeks. â€Å"Don't you ever touch me again. You screw with me, and I'll screw you right back.† Oh man, what an opening that was. Only a head shake from Lissa stopped me from unleashing any number of hilarious comebacks. Instead, I opted for simple brute force, so to speak. â€Å"And if you mess with either of us again, I'll break you in half. If you don't believe me, go ask Dawn Yarrow about what I did to her arm in ninth grade. You were probably at nap time when it happened.† The incident with Dawn hadn't been one of my finer moments. I honestly hadn't expected to break any bones when I shoved her into a tree. Still, the incident had given me a dangerous reputation, in addition to my smartass one. The story had gained legendary status, and I liked to imagine that it was still being told around campfires late at night. Judging from the look on this girl's face, it was. One of the patrolling staff members strolled by right then, casting suspicious eyes at our little meeting. Doll Girl backed off, taking Aaron's arm. â€Å"Come on,† she said. â€Å"Hey, Aaron,† I said cheerfully, remembering he was there. â€Å"Nice to see you again.† He gave me a quick nod and an uneasy smile, just as the girl dragged him off. Same old Aaron. He might be nice and cute, but aggressive he was not. I turned to Lissa. â€Å"You okay?† She nodded. â€Å"Any idea who I just threatened to beat up?† â€Å"Not a clue.† I started to lead her toward the lunch line, but she shook her head at me. â€Å"Gotta go see the feeders.† A funny feeling settled over me. I'd gotten so used to being her primary blood source that the thought of returning to the Moroi's normal routine seemed strange. In fact, it almost bothered me. It shouldn't have. Daily feedings were part of a Moroi's life, something I hadn't been able to offer her while living on our own. It had been an inconvenient situation, one that left me weak on feeding days and her weak on the days in between. I should have been happy she would get some normality. I forced a smile. â€Å"Sure.† We walked into the feeding room, which sat adjacent to the cafeteria. It was set up with small cubicles, dividing the room's space in an effort to offer privacy. A dark-haired Moroi woman greeted us at the entrance and glanced down at her clipboard, flipping through the pages. Finding what she needed, she made a few notes and then gestured for Lissa to follow. Me she gave a puzzled look, but she didn't stop me from entering. She led us to one of the cubicles where a plump, middle-aged woman sat leafing through a magazine. She looked up at our approach and smiled. In her eyes, I could see the dreamy, glazed-over look most feeders had. She'd probably neared her quota for the day, judging from how high she appeared to be. Recognizing Lissa, her smile grew. â€Å"Welcome back, Princess.† The greeter left us, and Lissa sat down in the chair beside the woman. I sensed a feeling of discomfort in her, a little different from my own. This was weird for her too; it had been a long time. The feeder, however, had no such reservations. An eager look crossed her face – the look of a junkie about to get her next fix. Disgust poured into me. It was an old instinct, one that had been drilled in over the years. Feeders were essential to Moroi life. They were humans who willingly volunteered to be a regular blood source, humans from the fringes of society who gave their lives over to the secret world of the Moroi. They were well cared for and given all the comforts they could need. But at the heart of it, they were drug users, addicts to Moroi saliva and the rush it offered with each bite. The Moroi – and guardians – looked down on this dependency, even though the Moroi couldn't have survived otherwise unless they took victims by force. Hypocrisy at its finest. The feeder tilted her head, giving Lissa full access to her neck. Her skin there was marked with scars from years of daily bites. The infrequent feedings Lissa and I had done had kept my neck clear; my bite marks never lasted more than a day or so. Lissa leaned forward, fangs biting into the feeder's yielding flesh. The woman closed her eyes, making a soft sound of pleasure. I swallowed, watching Lissa drink. I couldn't see any blood, but I could imagine it. A surge of emotion grew in my chest: longing. Jealousy. I averted my eyes, staring at the floor. Mentally, I scolded myself. What's wrong with you? Why should you miss it? You only did it once every day. You aren't addicted, not like this. And you don't want to be. But I couldn't help myself, couldn't help the way I felt as I recalled the bliss and rush of a vampire's bite. Lissa finished and we returned to the commons, moving toward the lunch line. It was short, since we only had fifteen minutes left, and I strolled up and began to load my plate with french fries and some rounded, bite-size objects that looked vaguely like chicken nuggets. Lissa only grabbed a yogurt. Moroi needed food, as dhampirs and humans did, but rarely had an appetite after drinking blood. â€Å"So how'd classes go?† I asked. She shrugged. Her face was bright with color and life now. â€Å"Okay. Lots of stares. A lot of stares. Lots of questions about where we were. Whispering.† â€Å"Same here,† I said. The attendant checked us out, and we walked toward the tables. I gave Lissa a sidelong glance. â€Å"You okay with that? They aren't bothering you, are they?† â€Å"No – it's fine.† The emotions coming through the bond contradicted her words. Knowing I could feel that, she tried to change the subject by handing me her class schedule. I looked it over. 1st Period Russian 2 2nd Period American Colonial Literature 3rd Period Basics of Elemental Control 4th Period Ancient Poetry -Lunch – 5th Period Animal Behavior and Physiology 6th Period Advanced Calculus 7th Period Moroi Culture 4 8th Period Slavic Art â€Å"Nerd,† I said. â€Å"If you were in Stupid Math like me, we'd have the same afternoon schedule.† I stopped walking. â€Å"Why are you in elemental basics? That's a sophomore class.† She eyed me. â€Å"Because seniors take specialized classes.† We fell silent at that. All Moroi wielded elemental magic. It was one of the things that differentiated living vampires from Strigoi, the dead vampires. Moroi viewed magic as a gift. It was part of their souls and connected them to the world. A long time ago, they had used their magic openly – averting natural disasters and helping with things like food and water production. They didn't need to do that as much anymore, but the magic was still in their blood. It burned in them and made them want to reach out to the earth and wield their power. Academies like this existed to help Moroi control the magic and learn how to do increasingly complex things with it. Students also had to learn the rules that surrounded magic, rules that had been in place for centuries and were strictly enforced. All Moroi had a small ability in each element. When they got to be around our age, students â€Å"specialized† when one element grew stronger than the others: earth, water, fire, or air. Not specializing was like not going through puberty. And Lissa? ­well, Lissa hadn't specialized yet. â€Å"Is Ms. Carmack still teaching that? What she'd say?† â€Å"She says she's not worried. She thinks it'll come.† â€Å"Did you – did you tell her about – â€Å" Lissa shook her head. â€Å"No. Of course not.† We let the subject drop. It was one we thought about a lot but rarely spoke of. We started moving again, scanning the tables as we decided where to sit. A few pairs of eyes looked up at us with blatant curiosity. â€Å"Lissa!† came a nearby voice. Glancing over, we saw Natalie waving at us. Lissa and I exchanged looks. Natalie was sort of Lissa's cousin in the way Victor was sort of her uncle, but we'd never hung out with her all that much. Lissa shrugged and headed in that direction. â€Å"Why not?† I followed reluctantly. Natalie was nice but also one of the most uninteresting people I knew. Most royals at the school enjoyed a kind of celebrity status, but Natalie had never fit in with that crowd. She was too plain, too uninterested in the politics of the Academy, and too clueless to really navigate them anyway. Natalie's friends eyed us with a quiet curiosity, but she didn't hold back. She threw her arms around us. Like Lissa, she had jade-green eyes, but her hair was jet black, like Victor's had been before his disease grayed it. â€Å"You're back! I knew you would be! Everyone said you were gone forever, but I never believed that. I knew you couldn't stay away. Why'd you go? There are so many stories about why you left!† Lissa and I exchanged glances as Natalie prattled on. â€Å"Camille said one of you got pregnant and went off to have an abortion, but I knew that couldn't be true. Someone else said you went off to hang out with Rose's mom, but I figured Ms. Kirova and Daddy wouldn't have been so upset if you'd turned up there. Did you know we might get to be roommates? I was talking to? ­Ã¢â‚¬  On and on she chatted, flashing her fangs as she spoke. I smiled politely, letting Lissa deal with the onslaught until Natalie asked a dangerous question. â€Å"What'd you do for blood, Lissa?† The table regarded us questioningly. Lissa froze, but I immediately jumped in, the lie coming effortlessly to my lips. â€Å"Oh, it's easy. There are a lot of humans who want to do it.† â€Å"Really?† asked one of Natalie's friends, wide-eyed. â€Å"Yup. You find ? ®em at parties and stuff. They're all looking for a fix from something, and they don't really get that a vampire's doing it: most are already so wasted they don't remember anyway.† My already vague details dried up, so I simply shrugged in as cool and confident a way as I could manage. It wasn't like any of them knew any better. â€Å"Like I said, it's easy. Almost easier than with our own feeders.† Natalie accepted this and than launched into some other topic. Lissa shot me a grateful look. Ignoring the conversation again, I took in the old faces, trying to figure out who was hanging out with whom and how power had shifted within the school. Mason, sitting with a group of novices, caught my eye, and I smiled. Near him, a group of Moroi royals sat, laughing over something. Aaron and the blond girl sat there too. â€Å"Hey, Natalie,† I said, turning around and cutting her off. She didn't seem to notice or mind. â€Å"Who's Aaron's new girlfriend?† â€Å"Huh? Oh. Mia Rinaldi.† Seeing my blank look, she asked, â€Å"Don't you remember her?† â€Å"Should I? Was she here when we left?† â€Å"She's always been here,† said Natalie. â€Å"She's only a year younger than us.† I shot a questioning look at Lissa, who only shrugged. â€Å"Why is she so pissed off at us?† I asked. â€Å"Neither of us know her.† â€Å"I don't know,† answered Natalie. â€Å"Maybe she's jealous about Aaron. She wasn't much of anybody when you guys left. She got really popular really fast. She isn't royal or anything, but once she started dating Aaron, she – â€Å" â€Å"Okay, thanks,† I interrupted. â€Å"It doesn't really – â€Å" My eyes lifted up from Natalie's face to Jesse Zeklos's, just as he passed by our table. Ah, Jesse. I'd forgotten about him. I liked flirting with Mason and some of the other novices, but Jesse was in an entirely different category. You flirted with the other guys simply for the sake of flirting. You flirted with Jesse in the hopes of getting semi-naked with him. He was a royal Moroi, and he was so hot, he should have worn a warning: flammable sign. He met my eyes and grinned. â€Å"Hey Rose, welcome back. You still breaking hearts?† â€Å"Are you volunteering?† His grin widened. â€Å"Let's hang out sometime and find out. If you ever get parole.† He kept walking, and I watched him admiringly. Natalie and her friends stared at me in awe. I might not be a god in the Dimitri sense, but with this group, Lissa and I were gods – or at least former gods – of another nature. â€Å"Oh my gawd,† exclaimed one girl. I didn't remember her name. â€Å"That was Jesse.† â€Å"Yes,† I said, smiling. â€Å"It certainly was.† â€Å"I wish I looked like you,† she added with a sigh. Their eyes fell on me. Technically, I was half-Moroi, but my looks were human. I'd blended in well with humans during our time away, so much so that I'd barely thought about my appearance at all. Here, among the slim and small-chested Moroi girls, certain features – meaning my larger breasts and more defined hips – stood out. I knew I was pretty, but to Moroi boys, my body was more than just pretty: it was sexy in a risqu? ¦ way. Dhampirs were an exotic conquest, a novelty all Moroi guys wanted to â€Å"try.† It was ironic that dhampirs had such an allure here, because slender Moroi girls looked very much like the super-skinny runway models so popular in the human world. Most humans could never reach that â€Å"ideal† skinniness, just as Moroi girls could never look like me. Everyone wanted what she couldn't have. Lissa and I got to sit together in our shared afternoon classes but didn't do much talking. The stares she'd mentioned certainly did follow us, but I found that the more I talked to people, the more they warmed up. Slowly, gradually, they seemed to remember who we were, and the novelty – though not the intrigue – of our crazy stunt wore off. Or maybe I should say, they remembered who I was. Because I was the only one talking. Lissa stared straight ahead, listening but neither acknowledging nor participating in my attempts at conversation. I could feel anxiety and sadness pouring out of her. â€Å"All right,† I told her when classes finally ended. We stood outside the school, and I was fully aware that in doing so, I was already breaking the terms of my agreement with Kirova. â€Å"We're not staying here,† I told her, looking around the campus uneasily. â€Å"I'm going to find a way to get us out.† â€Å"You think we could really do it a second time?† Lissa asked quietly. â€Å"Absolutely.† I spoke with certainty, again relieved she couldn't read my feelings. Escaping the first time had been tricky enough. Doing it again would be a real bitch, not that I couldn't still find a way. â€Å"You really would, wouldn't you?† She smiled, more to herself than to me, like she'd thought of something funny. â€Å"Of course you would. It's just, well? ­Ã¢â‚¬  She sighed. â€Å"I don't know if we should go. Maybe – maybe we should stay.† I blinked in astonishment. â€Å"What?† Not one of my more eloquent answers, but the best I could manage. I'd never expected this from her. â€Å"I saw you, Rose. I saw you talking to the other novices during class, talking about practice. You miss that.† â€Å"It's not worth it,† I argued. â€Å"Not if? ­not if you? ­Ã¢â‚¬  I couldn't finish, but she was right. She'd read me. I had missed the other novices. Even some of the Moroi. But there was more to it than just that. The weight of my inexperience, how much I'd fallen behind, had been growing all day. â€Å"It might be better,† she countered. â€Å"I haven't had as many? ­you know, things happening in a while. I haven't felt like anyone was following or watching us.† I didn't say anything to that. Before we'd left the Academy, she'd always felt like someone was following her, like she was being hunted. I'd never seen evidence to support that, but I had once heard one of our teachers go on and on about the same sort of thing. Ms. Karp. She'd been a pretty Moroi, with deep auburn air and high cheekbones. And I was pretty sure she'd been crazy. â€Å"You never know who's watching,† she used to say, walking briskly around the classroom as she shut all the blinds. â€Å"Or who's following you. Best to be safe. Best to always be safe.† We'd snickered amongst ourselves because that's what students do around eccentric and paranoid teachers. The thought of Lissa acting like her bothered me. â€Å"What's wrong?† Lissa asked, noticing that I was lost in thought. â€Å"Huh? Nothing. Just thinking.† I sighed, trying to balance my own wants with what was best for her. â€Å"Liss, we can stay, I guess? ­but there are a few conditions.† This made her laugh. â€Å"A Rose ultimatum, huh?† â€Å"I'm serious.† Words I didn't say very much. â€Å"I want you to stay away from the royals. Not like Natalie or anything but you know, the others. The power players. Camille. Carly. That group.† Her amusement turned to astonishment. â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Sure. You never liked them anyway.† â€Å"You did.† â€Å"No. Not really. I liked what they could offer. All the parties and stuff.† â€Å"And you can go without that now?† She looked skeptical. â€Å"Sure. We did in Portland.† â€Å"Yeah, but that was different.† Her eyes stared off, not really focused on any one thing. â€Å"Here? ­here I've got to be a part of that. I can't avoid it.† â€Å"The hell you do. Natalie stays out of that stuff.† â€Å"Natalie isn't going to inherit her family's title,† she retorted. â€Å"I've already got it. I've got to be involved, start making connections. Andre – â€Å" â€Å"Liss,† I groaned. â€Å"You aren't Andre.† I couldn't believe she was still comparing herself to her brother. â€Å"He was always involved in all that stuff.† â€Å"Yeah, well,† I snapped back, â€Å"he's dead now.† Her face hardened. â€Å"You know, sometimes you aren't very nice.† â€Å"You don't keep me around to be nice. You want nice, there are a dozen sheep in there who would rip each other's throats to get in good with the Dragomir princess. You keep me around to tell you the truth, and here it is: Andre's dead. You're the heir now, and you're going to deal with it however you can. But for now, that means staying away from the other royals. We'll just lie low. Coast through the middle. Get involved in that stuff again, Liss, and you'll drive yourself? ­Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Crazy?† she supplied when I didn't finish. Now I looked away. â€Å"I didn't mean? ­Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's okay.† she said, after a moment. She sighed and touched my arm. â€Å"Fine. We'll stay and we'll keep out of all that stuff. We'll ? ®coast through the middle' like you want. Hang out with Natalie, I guess.† To be perfectly honest, I didn't want any of that. I wanted to go to all the royal parties and wild drunken festivities like we'd done before. We'd kept out of that life for years until Lissa's parents and brother died. Andre should have been the one to inherit her family's title, and he'd certainly acted like it. Handsome and outgoing, he'd charmed everyone he knew and had been a leader in all the royal cliques and clubs that existed on campus. After his death, Lissa had felt it was her family duty to take his place. I'd gotten to join that world with her. It was easy for me, because I didn't really have to deal with the politics of it. I was a pretty dhampir, one who didn't mind getting into trouble and pulling crazy stunts. I became a novelty; they liked having me around for the fun of it. Lissa had to deal with other matters. The Dragomirs were one of the twelve ruling families. She'd have a very powerful place in Moroi society, and the other young royals wanted to get in good with her. Fake friends tried to schmooze her and get her to team up against other people. The royals could bribe and backstab in the same breath – and that was just with each other. To dhampirs and non-royals, they were completely unpredictable. That cruel culture had eventually taken its toll on Lissa. She had an open, kind nature, one that I loved, and I hated to see her upset and stressed by royal games. She'd grown fragile since the accident, and all the parties in the world weren't worth seeing her hurt. â€Å"All right then,† I said finally. â€Å"We'll see how this goes. If anything goes wrong – anything at all – we leave. No arguments.† She nodded. â€Å"Rose?† We both looked up at Dimitri's looming form. I hoped he hadn't heard the part about us leaving. â€Å"You're late for practice,† he said evenly. Seeing Lissa, he gave a polite nod. â€Å"Princess.† As he and I walked away, I worried about Lissa and wondered if staying here was the right thing to do. I felt nothing alarming through the bond, but her emotions spiked all over the place. Confusion. Nostalgia. Fear. Anticipation. Strong and powerful, they flooded into me. I felt the pull just before it happened. It was exactly like what had happened on the plane: her emotions grew so strong that they â€Å"sucked† me into her head before I could stop them. I could now see and feel what she did. She walked slowly around the commons, toward the small Russian Orthodox chapel that served most of the school's religious needs. Lissa had always attended mass regularly. Not me. I had a standing arrangement with God: I'd agree to believe in him – barely – so long as he let me sleep in on Sundays. But as she went inside, I could feel that she wasn't there to pray. She had another purpose, one I didn't know about. Glancing around, she verified that neither the priest nor any worshippers were close by. The place was empty. Slipping through a doorway in the back of the chapel, she climbed a narrow set of creaky stairs up into the attic. Here it was dark and dusty. The only light came through a large stained-glass window that fractured the faint glow of sunrise into tiny, multicolored gems across the floor. I hadn't known until that moment that this room was a regular retreat for Lissa. But now I could feel it, feel her memories of how she used to escape here to be alone and to think. The anxiety in her ebbed away ever so slightly as she took in the familiar surroundings. She climbed up into the window seat and leaned her head back against its side, momentarily entranced by the silence and the light. Moroi could stand some sunlight, unlike the Strigoi, but they had to limit their exposure. Sitting here, she could almost pretend she was in the sun, protected by the glass's dilution of the rays. Breathe, just breathe, she told herself. It'll be okay. Rose will take care of everything. She believed that passionately, like always, and relaxed further. Then a low voice spoke from the darkness. â€Å"You can have the Academy but not the window seat.† She sprang up, heart pounding. I shared her anxiety, and my own pulse quickened. â€Å"Who's there?† A moment later, a shape rose from behind a stack of crates, just outside her field of vision. The figure stepped forward, and in the poor lighting, familiar features materialized. Messy black hair. Pale blue eyes. A perpetually sardonic smirk. Christian Ozera. â€Å"Don't worry,† he said. â€Å"I won't bite. Well, at least not in the way you're afraid of.† He chuckled at his own joke. She didn't find it funny. She had completely forgotten about Christian. So had I. No matter what happened in our world, a few basic truths about vampires remained the same. Moroi were alive; Strigoi were undead. Moroi were mortal; Strigoi were immortal. Moroi were born; Strigoi were made. And there were two ways to make a Strigoi. Strigoi could forcibly turn humans, dhampirs, or Moroi with a single bite. Moroi tempted by the promise of immortality could become Strigoi by choice if they purposely killed another person while feeding. Doing that was considered dark and twisted, the greatest of all sins, both against the Moroi way of life and nature itself. Moroi who chose this dark path lost their ability to connect with elemental magic and other powers of the world. That was why they could no longer go into the sun. This is what had happened to Christian's parents. They were Strigoi.

Apology Paper - 1168 Words

Apology Paper SangYeob Kim College of Southern Nevada PHIL 102 - 1005 Howe, Richard March 15, 2013 Apology Paper In Apology by Plato, Socrates, who is convicted and sentenced to death by the jury of Athenian citizens, not only pleads his innocence, but also expresses his opinion on democracy. The speeches and dialogues Socrates makes in this book raises a question for the reader whether the jury of Athenian citizens is justified in convicting Socrates and condemning him to death. Although Socrates believes that he is innocent, the jury has justification. It is my contention that the jury is justified by the legitimacy of democracy. I will use the presentations Socrates makes in his defense to show how Socrates fails†¦show more content†¦His purpose in defense, also, is suspect—Socrates, so far from refuting the accusation, does make didactic speeches in the court, where the jury may declare his end. Besides, he focuses on repudiating the existing conventions and authorities, rather than requests for favorable arrangements to the jury. The deeds of Socrates, considered merely some trouble today, are the serious matters which have the high potential to damage the stability of the city. Athens was a direct democratic state, whereupon the decision from the court of Athens is, that is to say, the decision of public. It means that we can interpret the verdict of the jury that the city as a whole refuses the existence of Socrates. Socrates fails in persuading the jury with his defense, and the jury, with legitimate process, judges him on behalf of the entire city; the jury is justified. Socrates, again, justifies his not leaving Athens while equating the role of the state with that of home. Also, he proves that the state creates the individual, using the logic that father and mother marry and beget the individual through the state. Then, he draws the conclusion that the individual belongs to the state just as one belongs to one’s parents. To determine whether the jury of Athenian citizens is justified in convicting Socrates and condemning him to death, it is necessary to ask a question: â€Å"Who actually killed Socrates?† The capital sentence on Socrates was the result of the politicalShow MoreRelatedArgument Paper Platos Apology1351 Words   |  6 PagesARGUMENT PAPER I APOLOGY: DEFENSE OF SOCRATES PLATO 40C-41C PHILOSOPHY 2010 20 SEPTEMBER 2011 WALTER A. JENKINS JR Plato once said, â€Å"No one knows whether death, which People fear to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good.† Throughout the history of mankind, man has been fascinated with the mystery surrounding death. For many it is a phenomenon which is feared and for others it is a salvation from the misery and suffering of everyday life. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology†, SocratesRead MoreTrial of Socrates1073 Words   |  5 Pageshim. 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Despite the fact that the philosopher attempted to defend himself and explain the reasons for sayingRead More The Apology1451 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing the four charges brought against Socrates in Plato’s essay The Apology# and why exactly each of these charges is completely fictitious. The four charges brought against Socrates were that he argued the physical over the metaphysical, he argued the weaker claim over the stronger claim, he went against the gods, and he was corrupting the youth (Singer, lecture, 9-15-11). Each of these four charges is false for varyi ng reasons and I will be addressing each explanationRead MoreEssay about Four Charges Brought Agains Socrates in the Apology by Plato1029 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay I will talk about four charges that were brought against Socrates in the work Apology by Plato. After describing the charge I will then go on to talk about why I think each of them are completely fake. There were four charges that were brought against Socrates. They were that he argued the weaker claim over the stronger claim, that he argue the physical over the metaphysical, that he was against the gods and that he was corrupting the youth. All of these charges are completely and utterlyRead MoreEssay on The Three Modes of Persuasion: Socrates Apology1331 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasion: Socrates’ Apology In speaking of effective rhetorical persuasion, we must appeal to our target audience in a way that will get them to accept or act upon the point of view we are trying to portray. Aristotle said that we persuade others by three means: (1) by the appeal to their reason (logos); (2) by the appeal to their emotions (pathos); and (3) by the appeal of our personality or character (ethos) (Corbett and Connors 32). When Socrates, an infamous rhetorician, gave his â€Å"apology† to his fellowRead MoreThe Trial and Death of Socrates Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagescontribute to the tragedy in the trail and death of Socrates. Although, the trial and death of Socrates has many components that are thought provoking and important to the tale of Socrates, it is the apology that is my own favorite in capturing Plato’s true character and therefore the impending paper is mainly evaluating the events and occurrences of that particular section of the trial and death of Socrates. Having read and analyzed â€Å"the trial and death’ of Socrates, it is apparent that SocratesRead MoreThe Apology Plato Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesMelinda Leager PHIL 201-03/04/08 Instructor: Dr. Dennis L. Burke September 7, 2012 Response Paper â€Å"The Apology† by Plato In this reading Plato tells the story of Socrates and his trial which ultimately lead to his death sentence. Socrates was a 70 year old man at peace with his own mortality yet willing to face his accusers with an almost definite possibility of death to maintain his own integrity and beliefs and morality. He fully understood from the beginning of his trial what the sentenceRead MoreDefense on Socrates Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage, and false accusations in our arguments. This tendency to contradict ourselves often questions our character and morals. Similarly, in The Trial of Socrates (Platos Apology), Meletus fallacies in reason and his eventual mistake of contradicting himself will clear the accusations placed on Socrates. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not guilty of corrupting the youth with the idea of not believing in the Gods but of teaching the youth to think for themselves by looking to newRead More Defense of Socrates Essay1590 Words   |  7 P ageslanguage, and false accusations in our arguments. This tendency to contradict ourselves often questions our character and morals. Similarly, in The Trial of Socrates (Plato’s Apology), Meletus’ fallacies in reason and his eventual mistake of contradicting himself will clear the accusations placed on Socrates. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not guilty of corrupting the youth with the idea of not believing in the Gods but of teaching the youth to think for themselves by looking to new

William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples

William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares most famous comedies, involving complex plots, which result in hilarious outcomes. The main plot of Twelfth Night tells of Count Orsinos efforts to woo the Lady Olivia who does not return his affection. Instead, Olivia is smitten with Orsinos servant Cesario, unaware of his true identity. Cesario is actually shipwrecked Viola who, believing her brother has drowned, dresses up as a man to work for Orsino. Viola consequently falls in love with Orsino who believes her to be Cesario. In addition, Shakespeare has created an equally confusing sub-plot involving Olivias servant Malvolio and the other members of Olivias†¦show more content†¦In my opinion the joke that was played upon Malvolio to humiliate him was taken too far and in the end he was notoriously abused unjustifiably. Feste, as usual, realises before the other characters that the joke has gone too far and loses interest in it, I would we were well rid of this knavery On the other hand I believe that Malvolio did deserve some of the punishment that he was subjected to simply because of his pompous and arrogant personality. Malvolio was a puritan and that is why his behaviour is so contrasting to that of all the other characters in this play, Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale? When Shakespeare wrote Twelfth Night in 1623 it was essentially ahead of its time because the Malvolio-based sub-plot foreshadowed the conflict of the Civil War in the next century. I believe that the opinions of the Puritans in general are expressed through Malvolio in the course of this play. Puritans on the whole were people who did not like the thought of people doing pleasurable activities and enjoying themselves. Malvolio was a Puritan and so predictably did not believe in fun, so when at the end the joke is revealed he has the response of Ill be revenged on the whole pack of you. Puritans alsoShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The use of genre in any literary work assist the responder in understanding the text, as prior knowledge and past experience are used by composers to construct certain expectations due to characteristics that are recognised. Shakespeare, in his play Twelfth Night uses the Romantic comedy genre and its conventions of strong themes of love and a series of obstacles and misunderstandings concluded with a harmonious union of the loversRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1962 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night William Shakespeare was baptised on the 26th April 1564, and as it was the tradition for children to be taken to the church for this only a few days after birth, April 23rd has been traditionally held as his actual birthday. It also fits relatively nicely for English person to be born on St. Georges Day as this represents England. He was born in Stratford upon Avon. In 1601, near the middle of Shakespeares careerRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the kingdom of Illyria (fantasy world), Twelfth Night was supposedly originally written for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare’s comedy associates with the Feast of Epiphany (January 6th) and was means for entertainment in the seventeenth century. It contains some aspects that can be thought of as a successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvyRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Twelfth Night3268 Words   |  14 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Act 1, scenes 1-3, there are many ways to which these scenes provide an effective opening to the play. Individually, these scenes each serve a different aspect, which contributes to an effective opening. In Act 1, scene 1, Orsino is introduced into the picture, with his whining and pining towards this love for Olivia, with much exaggeration, due to the excessive use of imagery, and gives us one of the central theme of the play –Read More Feste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesFeste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night, it is ironic how many times the fool is said to be dishonest, when, in fact, his role proves entirely opposite. Though sometimes the characters do not realize his hidden messages, the reader can instantly comprehend Festes figurative language, which is evident in every scene in which the fool appears. Whether he is singing to Orsino, arguing with Malvolio, or playing around with Viola, Feste alwaysRead MoreViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Viola as a main character is the most deceitful; she tricks everybody into believing shes a man, but as well as being most deceitful she is also the most honest and sincere. So what are her attractive qualities? Why does she appeal to us as an audience? In this essay I will be looking at Viola and her appealing qualities as well as the way in which I believe she should be acted. In many ways Viola represents trueRead More Misperception and Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night2160 Words   |  9 PagesMisperception and Deception in Twelfth Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night is likely one of Shakespeare’s most entertaining and complete comedy. This romance explores a generous wealth of themes and issues. The most recurrent theme is the relationship between misperception and deception. As a result of their environment and immediate circumstances, men are forced into misperceptions. Paradoxically, they are completely trapped by these illusions. Between the bad fortune they encounter andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples453 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night Olivias trusted steward Malvolio, like Sir Andrew, is the butt of comedy. His very name suggests ill-will, which echoes his role in the play. Malvolio is an egotistical, overweening rogue, who is a straight laced, puritanical, social climbing rebuker of others for their anti-social and often sinful behaviour, or as he put it, misdemeanours. Malvolios character is summarised excellently by Maria in Act IIRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples892 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The final act is a simple scene in this romantic Shakesperian comedy. It brings together all the threads of the storyline the plots, mistakes and confusions. It shows Cesario (Viola) being accused of deception, lies and acts of violence by a number of others including Orsino, Olivia, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Antonio. The scene is set outside Olivias house. It begins with Feste (the fool) and Fabian negotiating with each other overRead MoreEssay about Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night775 Words   |  4 PagesDeception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedic play, Twelfth Night, a recurring theme is deception. The characters in the play used deception for a variety of purposes. Violas use of deception involves her disguising herself as a man in order to obtain a job with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. On the other hand, Maria, Olivias servant, writes a letter to Malvolio in Olivias handwriting to make Malvolio act foolishly because of his love for Olivia. While William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The final act is a simple scene in this romantic Shakesperian comedy. It brings together all the threads of the storyline the plots, mistakes and confusions. It shows Cesario (Viola) being accused of deception, lies and acts of violence by a number of others including Orsino, Olivia, Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Antonio. The scene is set outside Olivias house. It begins with Feste (the fool) and Fabian negotiating with each other over Fabian being allowed to see the letter. The arrival of Orsino with his entourage including Cesario (viola). Allows the audience to observe the Duke is expressing his frustration with the lack of progress in his efforts to win†¦show more content†¦Olivia says Ay me detested! How am I beguiled? Tempers flare and the tension mounts. Cesario expresses his shock at Violas comments. Olivia reminds Viola of their recent marriage to a baffled Cesario . Olivia calls for the priest to be brought before her to confirm the marriage. A contract of eternal bond of love confirmed by mutual joiner of your hands arrested by the holy close of lips, strengthened by interchangement of your rings, and all the ceremony of this compact seated in my functoion by my testimony. Stated the priest. Orsino becomes angry with Cesario accusing him of double-dealing. He threatens to kill him to spite Olivia. The humiliation of being rejected by Olivia is more than he can bear. One minute he talks of love the next of murder, how quickly emotio ns can change. (The audience is left to wonder is the Duke a foolish fickle man?) The tension is now raising will Orsino respond to the revelation by hurting Cesario as he threatened to do. Next we see the arrival of Sir Andrew at Olivias house he appears to have sustained some injuries to his body. On seeing Ceserio he accuses him of causing the injuries Cesario again denies the accusation made against him not Knowing that Sir Andrew is mistaking Cesario for Sebastian. Sir Andrew says of Cesario He is the very devil incordinate. Temporarily the focus of the storyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The use of genre in any literary work assist the responder in understanding the text, as prior knowledge and past experience are used by composers to construct certain expectations due to characteristics that are recognised. Shakespeare, in his play Twelfth Night uses the Romantic comedy genre and its conventions of strong themes of love and a series of obstacles and misunderstandings concluded with a harmonious union of the loversRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1962 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night William Shakespeare was baptised on the 26th April 1564, and as it was the tradition for children to be taken to the church for this only a few days after birth, April 23rd has been traditionally held as his actual birthday. It also fits relatively nicely for English person to be born on St. Georges Day as this represents England. He was born in Stratford upon Avon. In 1601, near the middle of Shakespeares careerRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 PagesIn the kingdom of Illyria (fantasy world), Twelfth Night was supposedly originally written for the entertainment of Queen Elizabeth I. William Shakespeare’s comedy associates with the Feast of Epiphany (January 6th) and was means for entertainment in the seventeenth century. It contains some aspects that can be thought of as a successful comedy when compared to the standards of today’s society. The play incorporates some of the very same devices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvyRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Twelfth Night3268 Words   |  14 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Act 1, scenes 1-3, there are many ways to which these scenes provide an effective opening to the play. Individually, these scenes each serve a different aspect, which contributes to an effective opening. In Act 1, scene 1, Orsino is introduced into the picture, with his whining and pining towards this love for Olivia, with much exaggeration, due to the excessive use of imagery, and gives us one of the central theme of the play –Read More Feste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesFeste in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedy Twelfth Night, it is ironic how many times the fool is said to be dishonest, when, in fact, his role proves entirely opposite. Though sometimes the characters do not realize his hidden messages, the reader can instantly comprehend Festes figurative language, which is evident in every scene in which the fool appears. Whether he is singing to Orsino, arguing with Malvolio, or playing around with Viola, Feste alwaysRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples1337 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares most famous comedies, involving complex plots, which result in hilarious outcomes. The main plot of Twelfth Night tells of Count Orsinos efforts to woo the Lady Olivia who does not return his affection. Instead, Olivia is smitten with Orsinos servant Cesario, unaware of his true identity. Cesario is actually shipwrecked Viola who, believing her brother has drowned, dresses up as a man to workRead MoreViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesViola in William Shakespeares The Twelfth Night Viola as a main character is the most deceitful; she tricks everybody into believing shes a man, but as well as being most deceitful she is also the most honest and sincere. So what are her attractive qualities? Why does she appeal to us as an audience? In this essay I will be looking at Viola and her appealing qualities as well as the way in which I believe she should be acted. In many ways Viola represents trueRead More Misperception and Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night2160 Words   |  9 PagesMisperception and Deception in Twelfth Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night is likely one of Shakespeare’s most entertaining and complete comedy. This romance explores a generous wealth of themes and issues. The most recurrent theme is the relationship between misperception and deception. As a result of their environment and immediate circumstances, men are forced into misperceptions. Paradoxically, they are completely trapped by these illusions. Between the bad fortune they encounter andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay examples453 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night In Twelfth Night Olivias trusted steward Malvolio, like Sir Andrew, is the butt of comedy. His very name suggests ill-will, which echoes his role in the play. Malvolio is an egotistical, overweening rogue, who is a straight laced, puritanical, social climbing rebuker of others for their anti-social and often sinful behaviour, or as he put it, misdemeanours. Malvolios character is summarised excellently by Maria in Act IIRead MoreEssay about Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night775 Words   |  4 PagesDeception in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In William Shakespeares comedic play, Twelfth Night, a recurring theme is deception. The characters in the play used deception for a variety of purposes. Violas use of deception involves her disguising herself as a man in order to obtain a job with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. On the other hand, Maria, Olivias servant, writes a letter to Malvolio in Olivias handwriting to make Malvolio act foolishly because of his love for Olivia. While

Evaluation Of A Sdlc, System Development Life Cycle

1. According to Rosenblatt (2014), a SDLC, system development life cycle, describes how to plan and manage systems development and the activities and functions of systems developers will perform. The waterfall model is divided in five steps and the result of each one is a deliverable to the next step. The first step is called Systems Planning and starts when the IT department does a systems request. This phase is responsible for doing a preliminary investigation to know the situation and evaluate the necessity of this new system. The principal part of this investigation is called feasibility study and it is responsible for showing anticipated reviews of the costs, benefits and course of action. The second step is called Systems Analysis and it purpose is to build a document with the system requirements, showing details as management and user requirements, benefits, development strategies and costs. The third step is the System Design, happens when is necessary to create a physical model and identify the processes (inputs and outputs), satisfying the requirements. Its deliverable is the systems design specification. The fourth step is the System Implementation and during this phase, the new system is constructed. The purpose of this step is to deliver an information system, functio ning and documented. The last step is the Systems Support and Security and during this phase, the IT department is responsible for maintaining, enhancing and protecting the new system. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on System Development Life Cycle1231 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ System Development Life Cycle Irene Anderson CMGT/582 - CIS Security and Ethics June 23, 2014 Krystal Hall System Development Life Cycle â€Å"Both risk governance and regulatory requirements emphasize the need for an effective risk management plan. And to effectively manage risk, it is important that definitions of the risk management plan objectives are clear from the start, so that the plan can head in the right direction. Risk management of information assets also provides a strongRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle666 Words   |  3 PagesSTAGE 1 Systems Planning Stage Topic Chapter 2 Analyzing the Business Case Deliverable Preliminary investigation report Toolkit Support Primary tools: Communications, financial analysis, and project management tool Other tool as required. Systems Planning is the first of five stage in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). In this stage, you will learn how IT projects get started and how a system analyst evaluates a proposed project and determine its feasibility. A system analyst’sRead MoreSdlc : System Development Life Cycle758 Words   |  4 PagesSDLC: System Development Life Cycle Definition: The System Development Life Cycle describes functions and activities that system developers perform typically, without considering how those functions and activities actually used in that particular methodology. SDLC denotes a set of general categories that show the major steps, of system development project. These are different phases in SDLC which each of them can be used to denote a step of the process that is followed in the development of certainRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 Pagesheavily on their information systems for decision making, an essential component of organization management. Information systems serves several purposes in a business, ranging from transactions and assisting leadership with difficult strategy formulation. Advances in computer-based information technology in recent years have led to a widely variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976). In today’s businesses, systems development is a process of examiningRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesComputer system plays an important role in solving human problem in their daily life. There are standard steps in order to develop information system called System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). SDLC is the framework available to build a complete system. There are five phases in SDLC which are planning, analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1). The first phase in SDLC is planning. In this phase, the potential system development project is identified. ProjectRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )845 Words   |  4 PagesEMAIL:snehasi07@siu.edu What is SDLC? Explain each phase in SDLC with an example. ANALYSIS: DESIGN: DEVELOPMENT: IMPLEMENTATION: EVALUATION: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The Systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model that is used in the project management which describes the stages involved in the information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. SDLC is used to correct problems in existing system, and to improveRead MoreWhat The Software Design Life Cycle?1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain what the Software Design Life Cycle is The SDLC Software design life cycle is used for the design and development stage of a software system. It’s the structure for design and development the life cycle has multiple stages, there are 9 in total. Requirements, Specification, Design, implementation, testing and debugging, deployment, maintenance and post mortem. All of these stages are part of the software design life cycle. The reason they use the SDLC is to see if the software there producingRead MoreRisk Management Is The Process Of Information System Management Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesRisk management is the process of information system managers applies to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures for their information and information systems. As a part risk management process, organizations (Stoneburner, 2002) select and apply security controls for their information and information systems. The System development life cycle is the overall process of developing, implementing and ret iring information systems through a multiple process from initiation, designsRead MoreEssay on Week 8 Case Study: Database Development1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head: DATABASE DEVELOPMENT Week 8 Case Study: Database Development Professor – Dr. Hossein Besharatian CIS 512 September 14, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract This paper defines the Software Development Life Cycle phases specifically the Waterfall method with a review of tasks to improve the quality of datasets throughout the cycle. It includes recommendations of actions to be performed for full optimization for enhancing performance from data quality assessmentRead MoreSdlc ( Software Development Life Cycle ) Methodology1714 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: In this report we are going to explore about SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Methodology and we are discussing about the differences between SDLC and Agile Project Management. Firstly we discuss about basics of SDLC Methods and their SWOT Analysis their mission and visions , And we are discussing their basic differences in it Before we get into actual discussion we need to know about three main thing of SDLC methods they are : 1) Design of software to meet the requirements 2)

Market Free Essays

The product as the first p something that is taken to the market to be noticed, sold, applied, or consumed; which is possible to satisfy a need or desire. Product can be a physical object, service, location, organization, or even an Idea or thought (Mob All et al, 1385: 195). The ultimate goal of organizations Is to produce the products which are better and superior In one or more aspects compared with others to be welcomed by customers and make them to pay well for each product (Cutler, 179:1379). We will write a custom essay sample on Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vaginal in an article with the title of McDonald: the globalization thought y using marketing mix states that in marketing mix, McDonald has offered its product by creating a standard procedure that is the same in all parts of the world, according to the tastes and traditions of different countries and their laws. For instance, Big Mac is served without cheese in Israel, or it is served in Indian McDonald’s restaurants with specific types of vegetables and lamb meat. And also the limitations which are imposed by various religions are considered (vaginal, 2001 : 99). 1. Brand The name and logo of a product is an Important component of goods in consumers’ sews, and the brand name adds value to every goods. For example, consumers consider a bottle of cologne with famous brand name, as an expensive and high- quality merchandise. But If this bottle lacks any Indication of the brand, even If the flavor is similar, shall be considered as low quality merchandise. The brand diff erentiates the goods and services that are offered by competitors. A good brand makes the consumer loyal. A research showed that among the present dish washing liquids, the housewives are the most loyal to Gold,Jam, and Risk. These three groups f customers buy their desired dish washing liquid regularly. The interesting point was that all customers have considered the same characteristics for a good dish washing liquid (e. G. Cleaning power, concentration, high foam, etc). But it was believed that only the dish washing liquid that is bought by them (In other words, they are loyal to) has all those qualities. In other words, those who bought Goal dish washing liquid believed that Goal has all the qualities of a good product, and those who bought Jam, thought that Jam Is better than other dish washing liquids Assimilate, 185:1381). According to the arguments presented, the value of brand name can lead to a product’s reputation and induction of high quality product to its customers, make a very strong image in the minds of customers, and become one of the major assets of a company. 1. 2. Packaging There is 8000 years statistics about packing in which packaging has been used as the containers were made of clay and glaze rough mats in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The customers identify a product through its packaging. Package transfers the producer’s assuage to the buyer and communicates and exchanges Information between them. The packaging gives Identity to the product, and protects the protect against Impact, moisture, climatic conditions, odors, fumes, vibration, microorganisms, pressure, collapse and Insects (spearheaded, 1384: 13). Also the packaging protects the goods, makes adolescently, beauty, product safety, easier storage of goods and products (Smiles Pour, 192:1381). If the package is done in a great way, it gains interest to Pricing, is the monetary value of goods and services or the amount of benefit that nonusers particularly pay for the benefits of having or using the product or service. Pricing simply means determining the price for the product or service (Ecological et al. , 1385: 1). Vaginal states that McDonald’s in price marketing mix used different strategies for pricing in different countries. For example, it used strategies such as cost based on the target strategy, the ultimate cost plus a percentage of profit, or prestigious pricing. For example, a Big Mac in the United States is equivalent to 14 minutes work of a worker a day, but in a country like Nigeria it is equivalent to several hours of work (2001: 101 vaginal). Types of pricing methods in dealing with competitors The competitors may price their products in four ways: 1 . Pricing based on cooperation: the price is determined by cooperation and consensus with partners. This situation occurs mostly in competitive oligopolies markets. 2. Adaptive pricing: market leader and main shareholders determine the price, and the others price their products according to them. Opportunistic pricing: n some markets, when a supplier increases the price for its products, a rival that has good resources might not change the price of its product. Sometimes, in the case of the increase in prices by a producer, the rival increases the prices, but tries to offer more services to attract part of customers of the company which first increased prices. This method is called opportunistic pricing. 4. Punitive pricing: some suppliers who are able and good facilities, in order to eliminate smaller competitors, lower prices for their products. Sometimes this method will result in removal of small suppliers from the market (Flask, 1386: 169). According to the arguments presented, the pricing strategy of a product, when the product is part of a group of products, has different characteristics. In this case, the organization considers overall prices of one group in order to maximize profits. The firms, after codifying pricing strategy, are faced with conditions in which they are compelled to reduce or increase prices, and marketers need to respond to the change in pricing strategies and develop other strategies. How to cite Market, Papers

The Case Study of Shafron V ASIC-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Shafron V ASIC. Answer: Case introduction The case of Shafron v ASIC (2012) is in relation to the extent of the duty of care and diligence in relation to the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Section 180(1) and how such duties have to be complied with by the officers of a corporation. These questions had to be considered by the High Court of Australia in relation to an appeal made to it by the appellant Mr. Peter Shafron, who was the ex- company secretary and general counsel of the James Hardie Industry Limited. The appeal was made because the court of appeal found that the appellant had breached section 180(1) of the CA. the appeal made by Mr Shafron had been unanimously rejected by the high court and importance guidance was provided by it. It was provided by the court that the obligation of the company secretary who has special skills is not limited to the only role of a company secretary within the company (Armstrong 2012). When a person gains a duty as he is a officer through participation in a decision which is significant for the company even in case they do not participate in the decision making. The extent to the indulgence of a expert advisor would or would not eradicate the responsibilities of the officers of the company.The appointment of the defendant had been bone by the company in the position of general counsel and company secretary. Until 1998 November no formal appointment had been made by the company. David Cameron had been appointed as the joint company secretary of the company in the same month next year. In the year 2001 February, a meeting had been held to make a proposal of dividing the group of companies by separating two companies from the group which had major asbestos liabilities (Hargovan 2012). It had been argued by the appellant that the duties which are vested in a company secretary are restricted to secretarial responsibilities only and could not be extended to the functions of a general counsel which included providing advice to the company in relation to the disclosure obligations to ASX and the accuracy of the report. The plaintiff sought to limit his functions as a company secretary that they should be equal and consistent to the responsibilities of joint company secretary appointed by the company in this case whose functions were limited to mainly administrative functions. It was further submitted by appellant that he did not have any part to play towards the decision making related to the proposal of separation, this is because the capacity of making such decision was totally vested in the board of directors, and the appellant was not one of them. In addition it had been provided by the appellant that even if he was an officer the duties related to the two issues had not be violated by him under the section (Scott 2012). The duties breached by the directors It was alleged that the defendant had violated section 180(1) of the CA by not being able to provide advice to the chief executive if the company or the board of directors of that company in relation to specific extra knowledge in relation to the proposal of separation which needed to be informed to the Australian Securities exchange (ASX). In addition the duty was contravened by not being able to provide advice in relation to a actual report which the board of the company had relied upon towards considering the proposal of separation. The information that the report does not state superimposed inflation, which would have been present in a proper report, was not provided to the board. The duties which have been set out through the section not only include the directors but also the officers of the company in broad sense company secretaries are also covered by the provisions of the section. On two distinct bases the court of appeal of NSW had found that Mr. Shafron can be considered as an officer under the provisions of the section. Firstly as the defendant was the company secretary of the company in context and secondly he was deemed as a person who had been participating in the decision making process of the company wholly or substantially. Section 180(1) provides that any officer or director of the company has to base their responsibilities towards the company on the principles of care and diligence (Armstrong 2012). The decision of the court Decision related to the application if section 180(1) only to secretarial responsibilities In the words of the majority it had been provided by the court that it was greatly to be doubted that the appellant was able to discharge some of his duties as the company secretary and the other duties in the capacity of the general counsel. As provided by Heydon J it is impossible to put the responsibilities of the appellant into watertight compartments marking one as company secretary and the other as general counsel. No evidence had been provided in relation to the argument that a few task were done by the appellant in the capacity of a company secretary and the other as a general counsel. In addition the duties of a company secretary in a certain company are matters of fact; the testimony provided by Mr Cameron about his functions did not show that functions of the appellant as a company secretary were in the same way administrative. It was then considered by the court that or not in case the roles of the appellant could be divided the outcome of the decision would be affected. It was noted by the court that the section sets the extent of care and diligence through the references of the office held and the duties in relation to the company of an officer. It was provided by the court that the text responsibilities in relation to the section subpart (b) relates only to the real duties of an officer and not only the legal duties of a person holding the position of a company secretary. The high court agreed to the decision of the court of appeal that it was within the areas of responsibility for the appellant to provide advice to the company relating to the ASX issue as it was related to a legal matter which a company secretary is expected to know and raise having a legal background. In addition the providing of advice in relation to the completeness of the report was also judged by the court within the scope of the responsibilities of the appellant as he been involved closely with modeling of cash flows which highlighted the report and thus was liable to raise with the boards the shortcomings of the model. Therefore, it was adjudged by the court that responsibilities of the appellant as a company secretary of the company were adequately broad to underpin a conclusion that the duties of an officer were owed by him towards carrying out the responsibilities. The findings related to the interpretation of participation in decision making The wide view taken by the court in relation to the appellants responsibilities with respect to the position of company secretary, it was totally unnecessary to take into account the question whether the appellant was an officer based on the fact that a person taking part in the decision making which affect the overall or predominant part of the functions of the company. However it was provided by the court that the appellant was based on this fact was an officer. The argument provided by the appellant that in order to be participate in the decision making process a person has to be a decision maker was not accepted by the court. It was taken into account by the court that the appellant was a senior executive of the company. And although a decision had been made by the board in relation to the proposal of separation, the appellant played a major role towards structuring the proposal as a senior executive who were working of the project with the help of eternal advisors and had been the part of the proposal and in addition crossed the extent of merely proffering information and advice to the board. This meant that the appellant had participated in the decision making along with the fact that duties were owed by him in form of an officer of the company (Hcourt.gov.au 2017). It was emphasized by the court that not mere participation in a decision of a company is enough to make a person an officer of that company as according to the statutory provisions the decision has to be affecting the whole or substantial part of the companys business. It was provided by the high court against the decision of the court of appeal its findings in relation to this test were not accurate. The decision related to the alleged breach of duty by the appellant The final argument of the appellant had also been rejected by the high court that he did not contravene the duties imposed on him by the section. With respect to the issue of ASX it was submitted by the appellant that he had the right to bases his activities on the companys lawyer in relation to raising the need for the extra disclosure requirements. However the argument of the appellant was totally rejected by the court and it failed. It was provided by the court that even if the company retained such solicitors regarding the separation proposal it did not impliedly or expressly relive the appellant form the duties which were imposed on him (Hogan 2012). With respect to the actuarial report an argument was made by the appellant that he did not possess adequate and expert actuarial information and thus was not able to determine what rules for superimposed inflations had to be considered. This argument was also not accepted by the court and the same had also failed on the part of the appellant. This is because the court determined that the appellant had knowledge in relation to the fact that the cost in relation to the claims was comparatively increasing very fact to the rate of inflation along with the knowledge that if this fact is not taken into consideration it would likely have a substantial effect with respect to the soundness of the actuarial report. It was further added by the court that the duty of the appellant was not associated with suggesting a proper provisions but to let the board know that a proper provision has not been undertaken. Thus the appeal by Mr Shafron was rejected by the federal court. Relevance and impact of decision to corporation law in Australia The initial relevance of the case comes from the issue which the court did not have much difficulties in deciding which is that even if a person is not a director or secretary of the company he can be a officer of the company if he participates in the decision making process if the company of significant importance. Thus the case clearly changes the thinking that if a person is not an official decision maker he cannot be an officer of the company. In addition the court provides that only because the senior executives are not the ultimate decision makers of the company they cannot evade the liability under section 180(1) and the fact that they are a decision influencer, promoter or urgers is sufficient to prove their liability. In addition the case signifies that company secretaries having special skills and training in any discipline would be expected to use such skills in relation to the functions of the company even if a dual title is provided to the secretary. Finally the point which can be derived through this case by the corporations is that the using of advice provided by external advisors is not adequate itself to relieve a person from the duty under section 180(1). It is thus necessary to prove that the brief of the advisor covered a particular question. It is the duty of officers to ensure that the advices provided by external advisors are consistent with the facts of the case (Hargovan 2012). References Adams, M., 2012. Lessons for non-executives from James Hardie.Keeping Good Companies,64(5), p.263. Armstrong, D.M., 2012. Guidance for general and corporate counsel: Reflections on James Hardie.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,26(2), p.19. Barber, F., 2014. Indirectly directors: Duties owed below the board.Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.,45, p.27. Corporation Act 2001 Hargovan, A., 2012. Company officers in the judicial spotlight.Keeping Good Companies,64(6), p.365. Hargovan, A., Dual Role of General Counsel and Company Secretary: Walking the Legal Tightrope in Shafron v ASIC(2012).Australian Journal of Corporate Law,27, p.112. Hcourt.gov.au, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/publications/judgment-summaries/2012/hcasum18_Shafron_v_ASIC.pdf [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Hogan-Doran, J., 2012. Practice Note SC Eq 11.Bar News: The Journal of the NSW Bar Association, (Winter 2012), p.20. Scott, P.D., 2012. Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2012) 286 ALR 612.U. Tas. L. Rev.,31, p.155. Shafron v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2012] HCA 18